Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 5 Articles
This study is intended to recognize the importance of cold-wind, which is one\nof the solutions to improve urban amenity, and verify the model that can\nanalyze creation and flow of cold-wind. For this reason, KLAM_21 Model,\nwhich was developed by the Germanâ??s Meteorological Service, was selected\nand used for assessment of cold-wind creation and flow. As a result, the\nfollowings have been drawn through comparison with measured data and\nsimulated data in the study area; for a mountain area, the simulation result of\nvelocity and direction of wind has been indicated as similar as those in measured\ndata. For a stream area in the city, only wind direction from simulation\nhas been consistent with measured data whereas wind velocity showed a large\ndifference between measurement and simulation. Finally, for the downtown\narea, wind velocity has shown a lot of differences between simulation result\nand measured data. Wind direction has also shown a large difference until\nmidnight. But after midnight, model data have become similar as measured\ndata. According to the verification of this study, the model used in this study\nfor using urban-amenity improvement through assessment of creation and\nflow of cold wind is suitable to analyze the direction of cold wind that is generated\nin the periphery of the city and the overall flow within the existing urban\narea. But the results of wind velocity have shown the uppermost limit of\nthe modeling in the simulation. That is, it could not reflect the site characteristics\nsufficiently. Therefore, if parameters considering the specific regional\ncharacteristics are sufficiently reflected, the result of simulations for reliability\ncan be substantially improved....
Chlorination is an efficient and low-cost technique in disinfecting water for\npublic water supply. However, during the process, the formation of undesirable\nby-products called halogen compounds, such as trihalomethanes (THMs),\noccurs. Some of these compounds are proven to be carcinogenic to laboratory\nanimals. The goal of this study was to investigate the occurrence of THMs in\nhousehold reservoirs and the influence of cleaning time of these reservoirs on\nthe formation of THMs. A total of 103 households were investigated in the\ncity of Maringa, State of Parana, Brazil. The residences were classified according\nto the cleaning time of the reservoir into: up to one year, one to two\nyears and more than two years. Samples were taken from the reservoirs and\ntotal trihalomethanes (THMt) were analyzed by gas chromatography\n(GC-MS), total organic carbon (TOC) by means of a Hach kit for low concentrations\nand free residual chlorine (CLres) by means of a kit for in loco\ndetermination. According to the results, the highest concentrations of THMt\nwere observed in the reservoirs with cleaning time of more than 2 years.\nHowever, no amount has exceeded the maximum limit allowed by law. In\ngeneral, the longer the time for cleaning the reservoir, the greater the degradation\nof water quality in THMt....
Multiple discs coated with hierarchically-organized TiO2 anatase nanotubes served\nas photoelectrodes in a novel annular photoelectrocatalytic reactor. Electrochemical characterization\nshowed light irradiation enhanced the current response due to photogeneration of charge\ncarriers. The pharmaceutical acetaminophen was used as a representative water micropollutant.\nThe photoelectrocatalysis pseudo-first-order rate constant for acetaminophen was seven orders\nof magnitude greater than electrocatalytic treatment...........................
Microplastics and chlorinated phenols (CPs) are pollutants found ubiquitously in\nfreshwater systems. Meanwhile, bioplastics are attracting much attention as alternatives\nto conventional plastics, but there is little data about their effect on the behaviour of\npollutants. This work therefore investigates the sorption of four CPs�������...
Climate change is around us today and will affect human life in many ways. More frequent\nextreme weather events raise mortality and car accident rates, global warming leads to longer growing\nseasons for crops, which may change farmersâ?? crop choices, and the relationship between energy\ndemand in residential buildings and weather is widely investigated. In this paper, we focus on the\nimpact of weather on energy consumption, in particular, gasoline consumption through the more\nfrequent use of both vehicles themselves and the air conditioner of the vehicle that decreases fuel\neconomy, which has not been paid enough attention in the literature. We estimate the relationship\nbetween fuel consumption and weather using unique U.S. panel data. We find that hot days increase\ngasoline consumption, but in contrast to the results of residential energy consumption literature,\nthere is no statistically significant effect on cold weather. With climate prediction data from General\nCirculation Models (GCMs), we simulate the impact of climate change on fuel energy consumption.\nThe results show that the fuel consumption in the transportation sector may increase by up to 4%\nunder the â??business-as-usualâ? (RCP 8.5) scenario. Also, climate change has heterogeneous impacts\nacross the continental United States....
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